Born: April 1, 1936, Bhopal, India
Death: October 10, 2021
Introduction
Introduction Abdul Qadeer Khan (born one Apr 1936) atomic number 28, HI, FPAS, DEng, regarded as A. Q.Khan, could be a Pakistani physicist and engineer World Health Organization is colloquially regarded as the “father of metallic element enrichment project” for his nation’s covert atom bomb program.AN outgoer from Bharat World Health Organization migrated to Pakistan in 1951, Khan was once trained in Western Europe’s technical universities in science engineering the place he pioneered research in section transitions of steel alloys, metallic element scientific discipline, and After mastering of India’s ‘Smiling Buddha’ nuclear take a glance at in 1974, Khan joined his nation’s covert efforts to advance atomic weapons once he centered the Khan analysis Laboratories (KRL) in 1976, and was once each its chief individualIn Gregorian calendar month 2004, debriefing by approach of the Musharraf administration over the proof of nuclear proliferation surpassed over by suggests that of the Bush administration of the U.S. Khan admitted his position in going for walks the proliferation network only to retract his statements in later years once he leveled accusations at the previous administration of Pakistan’s Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 1990, and additionally directed allegations at the President Musharraf over the tilt in 2008.once years of house arrest, Khan efficaciously filed a lawsuit in opposition to the centralized of Pakistan at the national capital tribunal whose finding of fact declared his report unconstitutional and freed him on vi Feb 2009.reacted negatively over the decision, rendered by approach of Chief Justice Muhammad Aslam, once the Obama administration issued an respectable declaration warning that Khan nevertheless remained a “serious proliferation risk”.
Early life and work
Abdul Qadeer Khan was once born in Orakzai household on twenty seven Apr 1936 in Bhopal, Bhopal State, within the then British Indian Empire.His father, Abdul Ghafoor, accustomed be a teacherwho as shortly as labored for the Ministry of Education, and his mother, Zulekha, was once a wife with a very spiritual mind.[10] His older siblings, alongside with different household members, had emigrated to Pakistan at some stage in the bloody partition of Bharat(splitting off the unbiased nation of Pakistan) in 1947, World Health Organization would frequently write to Khan’s dad and mom about the new lifestyles they had observed in Pakistan.once his admission from a neighborhood faculty in Bhopal, in 1952 Khan emigrated from Bharat to Pakistan on the Sind railroad train, part thanks to the reservation politics at that point, ANd nonsecular violence in India at some stage in his early life had left an indelible affect on his Weltanschauung.Upon sinking in Karachi along with his family, Khan temporarily attended the D. J.Science College earlier than transferring to the University of Karachi the place he graduated in 1956 with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) in physics with a attention on physical science.From 1956–59, Khan was once employed via the Karachi Metropolitan Corporation (city government) as AN Inspector of weights and measures, and utilized for a scholarship that allowed him to find out about in European country.In 1961, Khan departed for European country to find out about fabric science at the Technical University in West Berlin the place he academically excelled in guides in scientific discipline, however left West Berlin once he switched tothe earthenware University of Technology within the Holland in 1965.In 1967, Khan got an engineer’s diploma in Materials technology– an equal to a Master of Science (MS) supplied in English-speaking countries such as Pakistan– and joined the doctoral application in science engineering at the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in European country.Brabers at Leuven University, World Health Organization supervised his scholarly person thesis that Khan correctly defended, and graduated with a DEng in science engineering in 1972.His thesis protected integral work on primary solid solution and its prolonged industrial functions in the subject of graphene morphology.] The equal year, Khan joined the Physics Dynamics laboratory (or in Dutch: FDO), AN engineering association primarily based in capital of The Netherlands,The FDO was once a contractor for the Urenco cluster which was once working a metallic element enrichment plant in Almelo and utilized volatilised centrifuge approach to guarantee a provide of nuclear gasoline for nuclear strength plant life in Holland.Soon after, Khan left FDO once Urenco supplied him a senior technical position, at the beginning conducting research on the metallic element scientific discipline.The metallic element enrichment is an extraordinarily tough technique due to the fact uranium in its herbal country solely includes simply 0.71% of uranium-235 (U235), that could be a fissile material, 99.3% of uranium-238 (U238), that is non fissile, and0.0055% of uranium-234 (U234), a female offspring product that is additionally a non fissile. The Urenco cluster utilised the Zippe-type of centrifugal approach to electromagnetically separate the isotopes U234, U235, and U238 from sublimed uncooked metallicelement with the help of rotating the uranium hexafluoride (UF6) fuel at up to ~100,000 revolutions per minute (rpm).Khan, whose work used to be based totally on bodily metallurgy of the metallic element metal, sooner or later devoted his investigations on enhancing the effectivity of the centrifuges via 1973–74.
Legacy
Bequest throughout his time within the atom bomb project, Khan pioneered lookup in the Thermal quantum area concept and Condensed rely physics, whilst he co-authored articles on chemical reactions of the rather unstable atom particles in the managed bodily system.[66] He continues his stance of the utilization of debatable technological options to each army and civilian issues, on with the use of navy applied sciences for civilian welfare.He has even Pakistan’s nuclear deterrence software as economical his united states of america the destiny of Asian country or Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya.In an interview in 2011, Khan maintained his stance on peace thru energy and vigorously defended the nuclear weapons application as phase of the deterrence policy:
[Pakistan's motivation for nuclear weapons arose from a want to stop "nuclear blackmail" via India. Had Iraq and Libya been nuclear powers, they would not have been destroyed in the way we have viewed recently.... If (Pakistan) had an [atomic] functionality earlier than 1971, we [Pakistanis] would now not have misplaced half of of our united states after a disgraceful defeat.
— Abdul Qadeer Khan, assertion on sixteen May 2011, posted in Newsweek,
During his work on the nuclear weapons software and onwards, Khan confronted heated and severe criticism from his fellow theorists, most pretty Pervez Hoodbhoy who contested his scientific perception in quantum physics. In addition, Khan's false claims that he used to be the "father" of the atomic bomb challenge due to the fact that its inception and his non-public assaults on Munir Ahmad Khan brought on even increased animosity from his fellow theorists, and most particularly, inside the well-known physics community, such as the Pakistan Physics Society.
In spite of the proliferation controversy and his risky personality, Khan stays a famous public discern and served as a image of severe country wide delight with many in Pakistan see him as a countrywide hero of the nation. In Pakistani information media, and overseas media outlets, Khan has been depicted Pakistan's personal Dr. Strangelove (commonly referred to Edward Teller) in Stanley Kubrick's 1964 satirical movie of the identical name. While Khan has been bestowed with many medals and honors by way of the federal authorities and universities in Pakistan, Khan additionally stays the solely citizen of Pakistan to have honored twice with Nishan-e-Imtiaz (equivalent of American Presidential Medal of Freedom).
Publications
Selected research papers and patents
Nuclear and Material physics
Books
A man regarded as "the father of the Pakistani nuclear bomb", Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan, has died at the age of 85 after being hospitalized with Covid-19.
Dr. Khan was hailed as a national hero for transforming his country into the first nuclear power in the Islamic world.
But he was also well-known for smuggling nuclear secrets into the provinces of North Korea and Iran.
Prime Minister Imran Khan said Pakistan had lost its "national hero".
"He was loved by our nation because he was instrumental in making us a nuclear weapon," the Prime Minister said on Twitter.
Known as AQ Khan, the scientist was instrumental in establishing Pakistan's first nuclear power plant in Kahuta near Islamabad. By 1998, the country had conducted its first nuclear test.
Coming just after a similar test conducted by India, Dr. Khan’s work has helped to close Pakistan’s position as the seventh nuclear power in the world and sparked national outcry.
But he was arrested in 2004 for illegally sharing nuclear technology with Iran, Libya and North Korea.
The revelation that he had transferred nuclear secrets to other countries shocked Pakistan.
In a televised address, Dr Khan expressed "deep regret and apologetic apology".
Dr Khan was pardoned by then-Pakistani president Pervez Musharraf, but was detained until 2009.
The delay in his treatment angered many in the West, where he was described as "the greatest nuclear activist".
But in Pakistan he remained a sign of pride in his role in strengthening national security.
"He has helped us develop a nuclear deterrent to saving the nation and a grateful nation will never forget his actions," said President Arif Alvi.
The fact that AQ Khan can be described as one of the most dangerous men in the world by Western spies but also hailed as a hero in his homeland tells you much about the complexity of the man himself but also the way the world views nuclear weapons.
AQ Khan was in charge, perhaps, more than anyone else in helping with the spread of nuclear weapons technology. He assisted in his country's nuclear program but then passed on information to others, including Iran, North Korea, and Libya. The extent to which this was motivated by money, ideas or instructions to the Pakistani leadership has always been absurd.
In Western countries, stopping the spread of nuclear weapons has become a priority, and the CIA and MI6 have helped reduce Khan's network.
But inside Pakistan he was a respected figure, who was seen as helping to create ways to defend his country against India.
And in general, he and others will question why Western countries should be allowed to have nuclear weapons for security while denying the same power to others.
Information regarding Muslim World and Pakistan.
